4. Inequalities across the World

4. Inequalities across the World. In some parts of the world, education has made a difference to some aspects of equity, but in others it has not. For example, girls and women have challenges in moving beyond primary education in many parts of the world and in others, First Nations and aboriginal persons rarely succeed at the same level as other citizens in their own countries. Globally, the expansion of higher education has secured access to higher education for those already positioned to benefit, i.e. the middle and upper class. The basic structure of education systems affects equity. Traditionally, education systems have sorted students according to attainment. Evidence from studies of secondary and primary schools suggests that such sorting can increase inequalities and inequities, particularly if it takes place early in the education process. This lack of equity affects/impacts a person's capacity to find fulfillment and meaning in their life, restricts an individual in the development of a sense of purpose, and impacts on their identity and self-esteem, their capacity for meaningful employment, limiting and reducing their career and job, opportunities and the ultimately, the quality of their life. Many of the issues just explored become more significant if the expectation that a "good education" would lead to a satisfying and meaningful life are not met. In this situation, inequality is experienced as a denial of identity.