Where does the data come from?

The data combines over 25 data sets from over seven trusted global data sources. These data sets have been combined to form national profiles, then scaled down to city level using income and population data.

Cities are defined according to their contiguous populations (their functional urban areas) as described in the Global Human Settlements dataset.

Illustration of data sources

Employment data

Materials data

Emissions data

General data




For more specific information around which tables were used in the calculation, and the calculation itself, please contact our Data Lead - marijana@circle-economy.com.