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Air, electricity and water flow through ductwork, wiring and pipes to form the mechanical systems in a building.

When it comes to heating, ventilation and air conditioning, there are many familiar appliances or pieces of equipment, such as:

• Forced air furnaces;
• Boilers and radiators;
• Wood stoves and fireplaces;
• Hot Water Heaters;
• Air Conditioner Fans;

Some modern systems may use the following systems and equipment:

• Heat Pumps, either ground or air source;
• Radiant flooring;
• Electric baseboard heaters.

The type and size of HVAC systems will vary from building to building, and may be dependent on the availability of utilities such as electricity or fuels, and on the volume of space to be conditioned.

In a deep energy retrofit, the ideal situation involves a super insulated, air tight envelope that allows for minimal, right-sized equipment to provide for heating and air conditioning. This requires careful envelope detailing and systems commissioning - an Energy Advisor will be necessary.