Many fruits and nuts grow on trees with wonderful options for your space.

Several hassle-free food trees with crops for decades.

Cherry, Plum, Apricot, Walnut, Apple, Pear, Peach, Pecan, and Persimmon

Sub-tropical to tropical climates, citrus trees are super! Meyer Lemon and Mandarin Orange trees are great potted trees for temperate climates. (Move them inside for winter.)

A similar list of vegetables.

Tomatoes, Peppers, Cucumbers, Peas, Beans, Squash, Eggplant, Corn, Carrots, Potatoes, Kale, Lettuce, Other Leafy Greens, Onions, Garlic, Basil, and Cilantro

Melons grow like squash and blueberries and raspberries grow on bushes. Strawberries do well in pots and boxes.

These are very incomplete lists. If you want to grow something, look it up if you can grow it under your conditions. There are flora you'll grow you haven't even heard of yet.