Carries energy (i.e. heat), which can lead to higher energy costs if it is allowed to leak from our buildings.
Carries moisture, which makes you feel more comfortable but could lead to condensation inside of assemblies
Replaces stale with fresh as ventilation systems mix outside air with inside, exhausting stale air out. Humans need about 30 m3 (1060 ft3) per person per hour of fresh air.
Can carry pollutants from outside to inside (e.g dust, pollen, smoke).
This is why we need Air Barriers and why our building code requires them.