Daylighting/Lighting Modeling

A lighting simulation tool was used to quantify annual daylighting characteristics and to establish optimal photosensor placement for energy savings. It is driven by a physically based, backward ray-tracing simulation designed to provide accurate quantitative and qualitative daylight and electric lighting predictions, even when considering complex fenestration systems such as daylight redirection devices. The lighting tool was initially employed in the design competition phase in the context of the LEED daylight credit iEQ8.1, mandated in the RFP. Analysis of the workplane illuminance under clear skies at noon on the equinox - a metric for assessing compliance with this criteria - showed that even with best practices of separating view glass and daylight glass and using a daylight redirection device to reflect incoming sunlight deeper into the building, a maximum floor depth of 60' could be daylit sufficiently to satisfy the requirements. This consideration effectively set the building's footprint. For the energy modeling, the lighting analysis tool was able to provide an 8,760 hour schedule of the lighting power fraction for an electric lighting system with dimming and switching controls to match the specified office illuminance set point. This schedule can be passed seamlessly to the whole-building energy model. For this analysis, the typical office space was divided into a south perimeter zone, a core zone, and a north perimeter zone. Other daylit spaces were simulated using the built-in continuous dimming sensor and daylighting calculations available in the energy model. Installed lighting power density in open office areas is very low - only 0.62 W/ft2, facilitated by the open office structure (no obstructions), highly reflective room surface finishes, ability to use a regular grid, and efficient electrical lights.