Mitochondria are a subcellular structure prevalent in eukaryotic cells and the most important source of energy in cells. Most tissue cells in the human body rely on oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria to obtain the energy needed to maintain their metabolism. Mitochondria not only play an important role in cell signal transduction and apoptosis, but also play a decisive role in multiple metabolic pathways including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, beta oxidation, fat and cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, once mitochondrial DNA and related nuclear DNA involved in mitochondrial DNA expression are abnormal, mitochondrial diseases may be caused.