At present, there are no satisfactory treatments for diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations, and most of them are limited to support symptomatic treatment, such as, anticonvulsant drugs, control of endocrine dysfunction and surgical treatment. In order to solve the problem of a large number of free radicals in patients with mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, the primary treatment is to use some antioxidant drugs, such as coenzyme Q10 and N acetylcysteine. Although studies have shown that coenzyme Q10 can be effective in Parkinson's disease and Friedreich ataxia, it lacks long-term large-scale clinical evidence. Due to the polymorphism and heterogeneity of the mitochondrial genome, gene therapy for mitochondrial diseases has emerged, such as the conversion of mutated mtDNA to normal nuclear DNA by misalignment or the correction of mitochondrial DNA mutations by introduction of a special endonuclease, etc. In addition, mitochondrial disease can be reduced through genetic counseling and prenatal testing.